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Practicing Nonviolence
"Without a direct action expression of it, nonviolence, to my mind, is meaningless." -- M.K. Gandhi
Practice is a key word in understanding
nonviolence. A nonviolent approach assumes that people take active
roles, making choices and commitments and building on their experience.
It also presents a constant challenge: to weave together the diversity
of individual experiences into an ever-changing vision. There
is no fixed, static "definition" of nonviolence.
Nonviolence is active. Although to some the word nonviolence implies
passivity, nonviolence is actually an active form of resistance.
It analyzes the sources of institutional violence and intervenes
on a philosophical and political level through direct and persistent
actions.
Gandhi's vision of nonviolence is translated as "clinging
to truth" or sometimes "truth force", which includes
both determination to speak out even when one's truth is unpopular,
and willingness to hear the truth of other people's experience.
He also defined two other components of nonviolence: the refusal
to harm others and willingness to suffer for one's beliefs. Many
activists who adopt nonviolent tactics are reluctant to accept
these aspects philosophically, or to prescribe them to others.
For example, Third World people in the U.S. and other countries
are often pressed to use violent action to defend their lives.
Some feminists point out that since our society pressures women
to be self-sacrificing, the decision to accept suffering is often
reinforcement of women's oppression rather than a free choice.
Jo Vellacott, in her essay "Women, Peace and Power",
speaks of violence as "resourcelessness" -seeing few
options, feeling like one's self or small group is alone against
a hostile or at best indifferent universe. Many societal institutions
and conventions, despite their original intention to benefit at
least some people, perpetuate this violence by depriving people
of their lives, health, self-respect or hope. Nonviolence then
becomes resourcefulness -- seeing the possibilities for change
in oneself and in others, and having the power to act on those
possibilities. Much of the task of becoming effectively nonviolent
lies in removing the preconceptions that keep us from seeing those
resources. Undoing the violence within us involves challenging
myths that we are not good enough, not smart enough or not skilled
enough to act. The best way to do this is to try it, working with
friends or in small groups at first, and starting with roleplays
or less intimidating activities like leafletting. As confidence
in our own resourcefulness grows, we become more able to support
each other in maintaining our nonviolent actions.
Anger and emotional violence
Getting rid of the patterns of
violence that societal conditioning has placed in us is not always
a polite process; it involves releasing despair, anger, and other
emotions that haven't been allowed to surface before. The myth
that emotions are destructive and unreliable prevents us from
trusting our own experience and forces us to rely on rigid formulas
and people we perceive as authorities for guidance. Most of us
have been taught that expressing anger especially provokes disapproval,
invalidation and physical attack, or else will hurt others and
make us suffer guilt. This conditioning serves to make us both
repress our own anger and also respond repressively to each other's
anger.
Anger is a sign of life. It arises with recognition that injustice
exists and contains the hope that things can be different. it
is often hard to see this clearly because, as Barbara Deming says,
"... our anger is in great part hidden -from others and even
from ourselves -and when it is finally allowed to emerge into
the open -- this pride -- it is shaking, unsure of itself, and
so quick to be violent. For now it believes and yet it doesn't
quite dare to believe that it can claim its rights at last."
To make room for a healthy expression of and response to this
anger, it helps to create a general attitude of respect and support.
Verbal violence -- snide or vicious tones, interrupting, shouting
down or misrepresenting what people say -- is the antithesis of
respect and communication. When people sense this happening, they
should pause and consider their feelings and objectives. Clearing
the air is especially important when people are feeling defensive
or threatened; developing a sense of safety and acceptance of
our anger with each other helps us concentrate all our emotional
energies towards constructive, effective action.
"Non-violence is the constant awareness of the dignity and
humanity of oneself and others; it seeks truth and justice; it
renounces violence both in method and in attitude; it is a courageous
acceptance of active love and goodwill as the instrument with
which to overcome evil and transform both oneself and others.
It is the willingness to undergo suffering rather than inflict
it. It excludes retaliation and flight."
-- Wally Nelson, conscientious objector, civil rights activist, and tax resister
ACT UP Direct Action Guidelines
History of Mass Nonviolent Action
Nonviolent Response to Personal Violence
Practicing Nonviolence
Nonviolence Training
Affinity Groups and Support
Steps Toward Making a Campaign
Consensus Decision Making
Legal Issues/Risking Arrest
Legal Flow Chart: What Happens in an Arrest and Your Decisions
Legal Terms: What They Mean
Jail Solidaritysee also the following :
The Demonstrator's Manual (crucial)
Marshal Training Manual
Getting Arrested: Why do we do it?